منابع مشابه
Emerging Targets for Developing T Cell-Mediated Vaccines for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 has infected >75 million individuals globally, and, according to the UN, is responsible for ~2.1 million new infections and 1.1 million deaths each year. Currently, there are ~37 million individuals with HIV infection and the epidemic has already resulted in 35 million deaths. Despite the advances of anti-retroviral therapy (ART), a cost-effective vaccine re...
متن کاملDesign Challenges for HIV-1 Vaccines Based on Humoral Immunity
INTRODUCTION Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV1) presents profound challenges to vaccine developers. Potential hurdles of relevance to the design of an effective HIV-1 vaccine based on humoral immunity include: (1) the exceptional rate of mutation of the viral genome due to an error-prone polymerase (i.e., reverse transcriptase) (1), (2) a relatively high rate of genomic recombination (2, 3),...
متن کاملHIV T cell vaccines, the importance of clades.
Development of an HIV vaccine presents a formidable challenge. One of the unresolved, yet central issues is the importance of HIV variability. Here we argue that even with the recent focus on the induction of T cell-mediated immunity, HIV vaccines should match the local circulating HIV clades. Whether used alone or in a combination with vaccines eliciting HIV-neutralizing antibodies, efforts mu...
متن کاملHIV-1 Tat vaccines.
The inexorable spreading of the HIV pandemic and the increasing deaths for AIDS in the developing countries underscore the urgency for an effective, safe and inexpensive vaccine against AIDS. Although many attempts have been made, a candidate vaccine of proven efficacy and safety in non-human primate models is not yet available. This is mostly due to HIV envelope (Env) variability and to the di...
متن کاملContrasting B cell- and T cell-based protective vaccines.
A substantial research effort is devoted to the development of vaccines based on T cells. Such a vaccine would provide a means to protect against infection with HIV and stop the current pandemic. Here we investigate the possibility to develop a protective T cell-based vaccine. We do this by means of a mathematical model which describes the dynamics of a pathogen and the immune system in the ear...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
سال: 2019
ISSN: 2164-5515,2164-554X
DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2019.1666957